NAD⁺

Description

The NADH/NAD⁺ pair functions as a central redox cofactor supporting numerous metabolic reactions. Under aerobic conditions, NAD⁺ is regenerated via respiratory-chain oxidation of NADH, with oxygen serving as the terminal electron acceptor. Under anaerobic conditions, NADH is reoxidized through the reduction of metabolic intermediates, yielding fermentative products such as lactate, ethanol, or succinate [353]. Limited NAD⁺ availability in these environments can interrupt essential pathways by constraining the redox reactions required to sustain metabolic flux.

Chemical Formula:

C₂₁H₂₆N₇O₁₄P₂

Molecular Weight:

662.422 Daltons

Monoisotopic Mass:

664.1169466645999 Daltons

SMILES:

C1(C(=CC=C[N+]=1C5(OC(COP(=O)([O-])OP(=O)([O-])OCC2(OC(C(O)C(O)2)N4(C=NC3(C(N)=NC=NC=34))))C(O)C(O)5))C(N)=O)

InChI:

1S/C21H27N7O14P2/c22-17-12-19(25-7-24-17)28(8-26-12)21-16(32)14(30)11(41-21)6-39-44(36,37)42-43(34,35)38-5-10-13(29)15(31)20(40-10)27-3-1-2-9(4-27)18(23)33/h1-4,7-8,10-11,13-16,20-21,29-32H,5-6H2,(H5-,22,23,24,25,33,34,35,36,37)/p-1/t10-,11-,13-,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-/m1/s1

InChIKey:

BAWFJGJZGIEFAR-NNYOXOHSSA-M

Synonyms

NAD+
beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
coenzyme I
diphosphopyridine nucleotide
diphosphopyridine nucleotide oxidized
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidized
NAD-oxidized
NAD-ox
DPN+
DPN-ox
DPN
β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
NAD
β-NAD⁺
Nadide

Databases

MetaCyc: NAD

RefMet: NAD+

BiGG: nad

MetaboLights: MTBLC57540

HMDB: HMDB00902

ChemSpider: 10239196

ChEBI: 57540 15846

PubChem (CID): 15938971 5893

KEGG: C00003

CAS: 53-84-9

CHEMBL: CHEMBL1234613 CHEMBL1454168 CHEMBL3039307

PDB-CCD: NAD NAJ

3DMET: B01126

NIKKAJI: J136.554A

MediaDB: compounds/3/

Seed: cpd00003

MetaNetX: MNXM8

PupChem (SID): 3305

KNApSAcK: C00007256