L-ornithine + H⁺ → putrescine + CO₂ (R1037)
- Silencing
  - Genome
agmatine + H₂O → putrescine + urea (R1090)
- Silencing
  - Genome
H₂O + NADP⁺ + L-glutamate ↔ NADPH + 2-oxoglutarate + H⁺ + ammonium (R1179)
- Overexpression
  - Genome
ammonium + L-glutamate + ATP → H⁺ + L-glutamine + phosphate + ADP (R1195)
- Overexpression
  - Genome
phosphate + oxaloacetate ↔ phosphoenolpyruvate + hydrogencarbonate (R390)
- Overexpression
  - Genome
2-oxoglutarate + L-aspartate ↔ L-glutamate + oxaloacetate (R734)
- Overexpression
  - Genome
    - Escherichia coli AUX11
    - Escherichia coli AUX10 (pKK223-3-speA)
NADH + NADP⁺ + H⁺ → NADPH + NAD⁺ + H⁺ (R427)
- Overexpression
  - Genome
    - Escherichia coli AUX11
    - Escherichia coli AUX10 (pKK223-3-speA)
H⁺ + L-arginine ↔ agmatine + CO₂ (R3)
- Overexpression
  - Genome
    - Escherichia coli AUX11
  - Plasmid