acetate + ATP ↔ acetyl phosphate + ADP (R45)
- Silencing
  - Genome
acetyl-CoA + phosphate ↔ coenzyme A + acetyl phosphate (R424)
- Silencing
  - Genome
formate + acetyl-CoA ↔ coenzyme A + pyruvate (R278)
- Silencing
  - Genome
ethanol + NAD⁺ ↔ acetaldehyde + NADH + H⁺ (R157)
- Silencing
  - Genome
coenzyme A + acetaldehyde + NAD⁺ ↔ NADH + H⁺ + acetyl-CoA (R156)
- Silencing
  - Genome
H⁺ + menaquinol-8 + fumarate → menaquinone-8 + succinate (R6531)
- Silencing
  - Genome
NAD⁺ + (R)-lactate ← NADH + pyruvate + H⁺ (R504)
- Silencing
  - Genome
2-oxoglutarate + L-valine ↔ 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + L-glutamate (R635)
- Silencing
  - Genome
H₂O + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + acetyl-CoA → coenzyme A + (2S)-2-isopropylmalate + H⁺ (R440)
- Silencing
  - Genome
NADH + NADP⁺ + H⁺ → NADPH + NAD⁺ + H⁺ (R427)
- Overexpression
  - Genome
  - Plasmid
    - Escherichia coli 050T3/pCTSDT+pACYC-pntAB
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate + NADP⁺ ↔ NADPH + H⁺ + (S)-2-acetolactate (R1241)
- Overexpression
  - Plasmid
pyruvate + H⁺ → (S)-2-acetolactate + CO₂ (R545)
- Overexpression
  - Plasmid
(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutanoate → H₂O + 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate (R1255)
- Overexpression
  - Plasmid
coenzyme A + pyruvate + NAD⁺ → NADH + acetyl-CoA + CO₂ (R565)
- Attenuation
  - Genome
    - Escherichia coli 050TY/pCTSDTQ487S-RBS55
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + H⁺ → isobutanal + CO₂ (R286)
- Overexpression
  - Plasmid
L-threonine → 2-oxobutanoate + ammonium (R1249)
- Silencing
  - Genome
    - Escherichia coli 050T1/pCTSDT
    - Escherichia coli 050T2/pCTSDT