• acetyl-CoA + phosphate ↔ coenzyme A + acetyl phosphate (R424)
  • Silencing
    • Genome
      • Escherichia coli JW2944 (pTadhB-pdc, pHfdh)
• ethanol + NAD⁺ ↔ acetaldehyde + NADH + H⁺ (R157)
  • Overexpression
    • Plasmid
      • Escherichia coli JW2944 (pTadhB-pdc, pHfdh)
      • Escherichia coli BW25113 (pTadhB-pdc)
• pyruvate + H⁺ → acetaldehyde + CO₂ (R1088)
  • Overexpression
    • Plasmid
      • Escherichia coli JW2944 (pTadhB-pdc, pHfdh)
      • Escherichia coli BW25113 (pTadhB-pdc)
• formate + NAD⁺ ↔ NADH + CO₂ (R586)
  • Overexpression
    • Plasmid
      • Escherichia coli JW2944 (pTadhB-pdc, pHfdh)